不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2017.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以两优培九为材料，采用大田微区试验，研究不同氮肥水平（ N1，9 g/m2；N2，12 g/m2；N3，15 g/m2）下不同蚯蚓粪施用量（EC0，0；EC1，16.88 kg/m2；EC2，33.76 kg/m2）对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明，移栽40 d后EC2和EC1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0（P<0.05）；幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC1和EC2处理（P<0.05）；齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC1和EC2处理低32.7%和80.7%，地上部总干物质量分别比EC1和EC2处理低30.6%和59.8%；成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC2＞EC1＞EC0，EC2和EC1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见，施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖，提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量，进而提高水稻籽粒产量。

关键词: 蚯蚓粪便, 水稻, 生长特性, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of earthworm casts on growth and yield of rice under different nitrogen application rate, a micro-plot field experiment was conducted under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer（ N1, 9 g/m2; N2，12 g/m2; N3，15 g/m2）and three levels of earthworm casts（EC0, 0; EC1, 16.88 kg/m2; EC2, 33.76 kg/m2）. The results showed that the grain yield, effective panicle numbers and shoot dry weight under different nitrogen levels all ranked as EC2 > EC1 > EC0. The grain yield of EC2 and EC1 were higher than EC0 by 35.4% and 34.3%, respectively. Compared with EC0, EC2 and EC1 had more effective panicle numbers by 41.5% and 21.3%, respectively. Above ground biomass of EC2 and EC1 were higher than EC0 by 47.7% and 25.8%, respectively. The leaf area of EC0 was lower than EC1 and EC2 by 7.1% and 21.4%, and shoot dry weight was lower than EC1 and EC2 by 30.6% and 59.8%, respectively at heading stage. The tiller numbers of EC2 and EC1 were significantly higher than EC0 after transplanting for 40 days（P＜0.05）. As well as SPAD values in EC0 was significantly lower than those in EC2 and EC1 at panicle initiation stage and milk-rape stage（P＜0.05）. However, there were no significant effect on nitrogen absorption from chemical fertilizer in rice growth period（P＞0.05）. The study indicated that applying appropriate amount of earthworm casts could increase the panicle rate, leaf area, SPAD value and shoot dry weight of rice which finally enhance the grain yield.

Key words: earthworm casts, rice, growth, yield

中图分类号:

S511.062

赵春容,单双吕,王玉梅,罗凯,周雪峰,黄敏,张恒栋,范龙,曹放波,陈佳娜,方升亮,邹应斌*. 不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2017.04.012 .

参考文献

[1] 陈巧燕，杨健，王志强，等. 蚯蚓堆肥处理有机废弃物的国外研究进展[J]. 中国资源综合利用，2006，24（12）：8-10. [2] 马莉，贾辉，殷秀琴，等. 蚯蚓在处理活性污泥过程中的生长繁殖[J]. 应用与环境生物学报，2013（1）：147-151. [3] 张志剑，刘萌，朱军. 蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展[J]. 环境科学，2013，34（5）：1 679 - 1 686. [4] 汪志铮. 绿色环保肥料—蚯蚓粪[J]. 科学种养，2014（10）：55-55. [5] Parle J N. A microbiological study of earthworm casts[J]. J Gener Microbiol, 1963, 31（1）: 13-22. [6] Khan A, Ishaq F. Chemical nutrient analysis of different composts （Vermicompost and Pitcompost） and their effect on the growth of a vegetative crop Pisum sativum [J]. Asian J Plant Sci Res, 2011, 1（1）: 116-130. [7] Mistry J, Mukhopadhyay A P, Baur G N. Status of N P K in vermicompost prepared from two common weed and two medicinal plants[J]. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, 2015, 3（2）: 193-196. [8] Arancon N Q, Edwards C A, Bierman P, et al. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1.effects on growth and yields [J]. Bio-resource Technol, 2004, 93（2）: 145-153. [9] 张仁贵. 蚯蚓粪对栽培生菜的影响[J]. 农产品加工：学刊，2005（1）：75-76. [10] Gupta R, Yadav A, Garg V K. Influence of vermicompost application in potting media on growth and flowering of marigold crop [J]. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric, 2014, 3（1）: 1-7. [11] Joshi R, Vig A P, Singh J. Vermicompost as soil supplement to enhance growth, yield and quality of Triticum aestivum L.: a field study [J]. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric, 2013, 2（1）: 1-7. [12] 李欢，向丹，李晓林，等. 蚯蚓粪和生物有机肥对土壤养分及夏玉米产量的调控作用[J]. 土壤通报，2011（5）：1 179-1 183. [13] 李国生，华鹤良，陈后庆，等. 蚯蚓粪基质对机插秧秧苗素质的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学，2013，41（10）：4 287-4 288. [14] 祁化成，张慎，等. 蚯蚓粪基质对水稻育秧的效果[J]. 江苏农业科学，2015（9）：96-98. [15] 熊扣华，姜红平，吴克军，等. 蚯蚓粪基质与营养土不同配比对水稻秧苗素质的影响[J]. 大麦与谷类科学，2015（3）：28-29. [16] 蔡树美，钱晓晴，柏彦超，等. 不同供氮条件下施用蚯蚓粪对水稻生长及根系活性的影响[J]. 扬州大学学报：农业与生命科学版，2009，30（4）：135-137. [17] 缪子梅，俞双恩，卢斌，等. 基于结构方程模型的控水稻“需水量-光合量-产量”关系研究[J]. 农业工程学报，2013，29（6）：91-98. [18] Neilsen D, Hogue E J, Neilsen G H, et al. Using SPAD-502 values to assess the nitrogen status of apple trees [J]. Hort Sci, 1995, 30（3）: 508-512. [19] Li Y C, Alva A K, Calvert D V, et al. A rapid nondestructive technique to predict leaf nitrogen status of grapefruit tree with various nitrogen fertilization practices [J]. Hort Technol, 1998, 8（1）: 81-86.